Wednesday, December 22, 2010

A good experience at the Christie (and my brilliant GP)

Spent the whole morning at The Christie Hospital – blood tests, X-Ray , ECG, Physical examination, and the usual ‘obs’ (blood pressure, blood oxygen levels, temperature) and two very helpful, long discussions with a (very dishy, young and Italian) consultant.  It seems the cancer is pretty extensive on my left lung, but not spread anywhere else.  It doesn’t seem to be developing at a terrifically fast rate, and the plan is for me to start the chemotherapy on 12th January with the period before then building up my levels of Folic acid (vitamin B9 - I didn’t know this was an important vitamin apart from during pregnancy), and having another CT scan, so they can check any changes since the last one in November. I have to take 3 doses of steroids (one the day before the chemo, one on the day (plus a vitamin B12 jab), and one on the day after.  The chemo is via a drip – sitting in a chair for 7-8 hours (OK so long as I have the Guardian crossword and a good book) – then wait for the after effects a day or two later.

Yesterday I saw my GP again about the breathlessness (and to get a repeat prescription for Tramadol over Christmas) and have been prescribed a miracle drug – Morphine Sulphate.  Apparently a tiny amount (2.5 ml) expands the airways at the top of the lungs and eases breathing.  And it works!  I can hardly believe it, but after my first dose, I could walk a considerable distance without gasping for breath and managed to keep going for 2.5 hours before the effects wore off.  I can take up to 4 doses a day – as required.  And if I become a drug addict with all this opium and Morphine – who cares??

I hope everybody has a good Christmas and New Year and I’ll post more news after the Chemo on 12th January.

Monday, December 20, 2010

Some information at last

Thanks to my friend Les, I have acquired some really useful information about adenocarcinoma.  Les heard a journalist from the Daily Telegraph (Cassandra Jardine) on Radio 4 talking about her cancer diagnosis (same type as me) and her article on 15th October (accessible on Daily Telegraph website) was really interesting.  Jardine was exactly like me in being very healthy and active (but with a history of chest infections, pneumonia, persistent cough and occasional breathlessness). From her article I have extracted the following facts which won’t necessarily be interesting for friends and family, but may be of some use to anyone else going through this. She also signposts quite an informative website called ‘National Cancer Institute USA’.

Adenocarcinoma is a cancer of the mucous glands and can arise in various parts of the body – colon, oesophagus, breast, pancreas, lung and other tissues. It is one of eight major types of lung cancer – accounting for 27% of the total.  It is the most common form of lung cancer among non-smokers and women.  It grows slowly but spreads to other tissues early.  Victims are almost symptom-free until a late stage. Chemotherapy controls the proliferation of cells.
               

Sunday, December 19, 2010

Pain Medication (again)

Yesterday (Saturday) I felt really well and Karen and I went out for lunch and shopping, although I had to sleep for an hour when we got back.  Today I didn’t feel well in the morning, but have brightened up a bit this afternoon.  I’m not going to post things every day about my state of health but want to just put something in about pain medication and side effects.  Prior to going into hospital last week, I was taking 2 Co-codomol tablets every 5 – 6 hours (each one 30mg of codeine and 500 of paracetamol).   In hospital, they gave me the 2 constituents separately because maximum paracetamol intake is 8 in 24 hours, whereas more codeine can be taken, and I needed to for the pain relief.  The day after my operation (Wednesday I experienced real difficulty in passing urine and when I mentioned this to the senior nurse, she asked me to produce a sample for analysing for infection (which I did – although with much difficulty).  The next day (Thursday – discharge day), I mentioned this again to the new nurse on duty and she also asked me to produce a sample for analysis and had no knowledge of any results from yesterday’s sample, but she did arrange for the duty doctor to come and see me. This Doctor duly came and she prodded my abdomen, said there was no infection, there seemed to be nothing physically wrong and implied it would clear up of its own accord.  When I got home, Karen looked at the list of side effects of the codeine phosphate I’d been given by the hospital and sure enough, it stated - “difficulty in passing urine”.  So 2 senior nurses and a hospital doctor were unaware of the possible side effects of medication they were administering.

My GP has now changed me from Codeine to Tramadol (plus the Paracetamol).  Apparently Tramadol, of all the opiates, has the fewest side effects, so I don’t know why they don’t prescribe that in the first place (perhaps it’s a cost issue).  Also, I gather that some people get high (or experience dizziness) with it and become addicted, so they probably want to limit its use.  This hasn’t been my experience (my peculiar physiology again); it’s just effective at killing the pain which is all I care about.

I’m still trying to find more statistical information about survival rates.  Claire suggested the Cancer Research site, but that doesn’t separate out the different forms of lung cancer – just puts them all together.  But I found one helpful statistic - 6% with lung cancer surviving 5 years.  I’m still looking and if anyone has any other ideas, please let me know.

Friday, December 17, 2010

Hospital - an endurance test!

I wasn’t initially going to write about how horrible the aftermath of the operation was (for the sake of the squeamish) but in view of everything I’ve learnt and thought about since, have decided to put it all in – gruesome as it is, as I’m now at home and feeling so much better (as well as p…..off).

My first experience of MRI (acute medical ward) for the fluid draining in November was fantastic.  I was in a single, en-suite room (so really quiet at night) with super-efficient staff and systems, and once the fluid had all been drained, I felt really well and enjoyed the chance to read and to talk to visitors. It was like being on holiday – apart from the food, which was terrible.  But, as I said to visitors – “I don’t have to shop for the food, to cook it or to wash up after it, so I’m not complaining”.

This recent experience (in the ‘recovery’ ward - what a misnomer) was very different. I was in a 7-bedded women’s bay alongside were other similar bays (some for men) as well as single rooms.  I don’t know exactly how many bays or rooms altogether because I was never well enough to really explore.

Each bay seemed to have a senior nurse in charge (who probably also had to oversee the single rooms) with a variable number of support staff – some were obviously more junior nurses and some were students.  Others were called ‘carers’ and some were ‘domestics’ (ie cleaners, bedding changers etc).  The ‘hierarchy wasn’t clear (and of course never explained to anyone) but there was a blurring of roles anyway, presumably based on individual competencies.  Sometimes domestics would come round to do the ‘obs’ (the checking of blood pressure, temperature, blood oxygen levels and breathing rate and recording pain levels) - a nursing job, although done by machine.  As in any organisation, some staff were competent and over-worked (and usually they were the ones who would make time to do things for patients), others were slow and lazy and never around when needed.  On my 5 day-shifts and 4 night-shifts I experienced 4 different senior nurses and only 2 of them would I rate as being on top of the job (and with a caring and compassionate manner).  Most of the time there were only ever 1 or 2 members of staff in the bay, so patients needing attention just had to wait.  Coming from the teaching profession where ones competencies and skills are constantly under evaluation from both internal and external bodies, I’d be interested to know what similar evaluations are carried out in the NHS.   Under the old Community Health Council system we used to do ‘unannounced’ visits to wards on a randomised basis in order to check on patient care and things like the state of the toilets and rest rooms etc, but I’m not sure if there is anything in place of that system now.

On admission, the amount of unnecessary paper work that had to be laboriously hand-written, on more than one occasion, by nurses who had too many other things to do, was unbelievable.  Routine information (such as address, date of birth, illness history etc) was repeatedly asked for, hand written and put into separate files, although it was all already on the hospital computer. 

I was allocated a bed on Monday afternoon, settled myself in and co-operated with all the form filling.  My first experience of the nursing incompetence was after a blood sample had been taken and it turned out later that the nurse had forgotten to send down the appropriate signed form with it, and so needed to take another sample.  Given my needle phobia, you can imagine how I felt about that.  I was tempted to refuse on the grounds that it was her problem not mine, but decided that I really had no option but to co-operate.  At 10 pm I had my last intake of food (ie 2 pieces of cold white toast with butter) and warm milk, had a sleepless night and at 10 am on Tuesday was taken down (in my bed) to the operating theatre.  The anaesthetist had also visited the evening before to go through (again) my medical history and allergies etc and explain what would be happening, but the Theatre nurse explained it all again, which was useful, because I’d forgotten that they were also going to do a bronchoscopy.  Then the catheter was put in my arm and the anaesthetic pumped in and that was me then out like a light.

The next thing I became aware of was feeling very cold, in a lot of pain, and with a sore throat and dry mouth.  I was vaguely aware of a person (male) at the bedside and of trying to transmit my condition. I kept repeating through chattering teeth - “Cold! Pain! Need water!” - but to no response. Eventually the person said –“you can’t have anything to drink because you’re still coming round from the anaesthetic; the pain relief will kick in soon”.  He did however let me wet my mouth with a sip of water.  I was aware of him having a conversation with another person about shift times and holidays and feeling frustrated that I couldn’t make him understand that I was still cold and in pain.  Eventually I felt some warm air being pumped into the bed clothes around my feet and did get another mouthful of water to relieve the dryness and sore throat (from the bronchoscopy). Then I lost consciousness and was wheeled back up to the ward (around 2pm).  I kept dozing off all afternoon, but every time I looked at the clock it would only be 5 minutes after the last time I looked, so I didn’t feel as though I was sleeping. When the evening meal came round at 5pm I felt too nauseous to eat it.  A nurse did eventually come round to see if I could be persuaded to eat anything and I thought I could maybe manage a yoghurt, which (with some difficulty) she eventually managed to track down from somewhere.  It was a struggle to get even this down given the state of my throat but it wasn’t enough to stop my empty stomach producing acid at a rate of knots and increasing my discomfort and nausea.  I wasn’t conscious of any pain, and could manage to get myself to and from the loo, but didn’t sleep much during the night (too much noise from other patients, constant electronic bleepers going off and night staff chatting in the corridor).

The following day was a nightmare, with too much happening to capture here (partly involving incompetent staff and general lack of nursing care for patients other than me).  When I asked in the morning about the outcome of my operation, I was told that the surgeon (Mr O) and his assistant were both on leave that day but the doctor doing the round that morning would be able to tell me something.  When the Doctor did come round and looked at the notes he said - “it just says they didn’t do the Pleurodesis!”  I was dumbstruck because I had the ‘holes’ on the left side of my chest wall (and the bruising and pain, which had really kicked in by then). He didn’t know any more than that, but since the surgeon dictated notes during the procedure which would have been typed up by his secretary, he promised to go and find out for me and come back later.  I’ll draw a veil of the pain and discomfort of the next few hours and skip to the Doctor returning in the late afternoon with the information from the operation.  Apparently there was insufficient gap between the pleural membranes to even get the camera in, so the surgeon had tried another place and found the same problem.  In other words, the membranes had apparently glued themselves together after the liquid had been drained out, so the whole operation was completely unnecessary.  The doctor tried to re-assure me that there would have been no way of knowing this beforehand, but I’m still not convinced given that the radiologist had told the Oncologist (Mr B) on 3rd December that the ultrasound showed no further fluid build up and therefore the operation might not be necessary and he decided to go ahead anyway (without taking into account the effect on the body of invasive surgery and the amount of recovery time necessary).

So, my confidence in the medical profession was/is significantly eroded. Somehow, I got through the rest of Wednesday without much to eat or getting much sleep. On Thursday morning when Mr O came on his rounds he said the bronchoscopy hadn’t shown anything and that the attempted pleurodesis shouldn’t delay the start of the chemotherapy – without seeming to take seriously the after effects of surgery (I wonder if any surgeon is really aware of the after-effects and the impact of lack of sleep and lack of good nutrition afterwards).  But he said I could go home that day!

By the time I got home on Thursday evening I felt absolutely dreadful, but was so thankful to be out (felt like I’d been released from prison).  But Karen cooked me a lovely meal and I dosed myself with painkillers and went to bed. 

I slept for 7 hours and felt tons better this morning.  After a nice breakfast, a bath (which I managed without any assistance) another sleep, a hair wash and a nice lunch I now feel like a human being again.  After a long telephone conversation with my GP I’ve now got better pain medication and have a lot of time to reflect on the experience.

The two most important factors needed for recovery from any operation (sleep and good nutrition) seemed to be completely lacking in that ward. I’m told that the High Dependence Unit is superb, so I mustn’t judge the whole hospital by it, but something needs to be done about it (and when I’ve the energy, I will try – with the help of one of the other patients there with whom I struck up a bond).   

I’ve now got 3 holes in my side causing enormous bruising and discomfort (if you’ve ever had a bruised or cracked rib – multiply the pain by 3 and then double it and you’ll have some idea what it feels like) and the task of building up my strength ready to face the chemotherapy, and a lot more questions I intend to ask at Christie’s on Wednesday. 

If you want to visit, please contact my very efficient ‘appointments secretary’ (Karen) on my home number. 

Wednesday, December 15, 2010

Body heals itself

Kath can replace this post - this is just a quick update. Kath is being discharged from hospital tomorrow morning (Thurs 16 Dec).  It turns out they didn't actually do the operation.  They knoocked her out, did a bronchoscopy, put the needle in to put in the talc, but found that the lining had already fused itself to the lung. Also the bronchoscopy didn't find anything to explain why she is coughing up blood. Not sure what this all means, other than she is coming home sooner than we were expecting.  So if anyone is thinking of visiting, please ring the house tomorrow afternoon and you can arrange with her yourself when to call round.  I visited her this afternoon in hospital and she was in good spirits, if somewhat confused (as am I) about what exactly is going on.

Karen

Tuesday, December 14, 2010

Operation

The operation happened this morning and there were no complications. Kath says she feels like she has been hit by a truck.  She is resting this afternoon and evening and we will let people know about whether she is up for visitors tomorrow.
Karen

Monday, December 13, 2010

MRI and more questions

I’m due to be admitted to MRI today (ward 3) at 2.30pm with the pleurodesis operation happening tomorrow.  I expect to be kept in till Friday so I can be ‘monitored’ for its success and ensure no infection develops.  Although it’s a very ‘routine’ operation, I’m obviously a bit nervous since I’ve never had general anaesthetic before (apart from nitrous oxide for tooth removal as a child)

Appointment with Dr Y at Christie’s on Wed 22nd, but don’t know if this is just tests or whether chemotherapy will start then.   I still have lots of questions that haven’t been answered.  I know it’s difficult for consultants to be precise when every patient’s cancer development and reaction to chemotherapy is different, but they must have records and statistics on which to base some ‘best guesses’.  If they could say that “x% of patients refusing chemotherapy lived for y months” or “n% of patients completing z courses of chemo survived for p months” etc, that would give me something to go on.

I want to know how extensive the patch of cancer cells is (up to now they’ve said its difficult to spot the cells (‘nodules’) on the CT scan).  How will they be able to tell how quickly is it developing?  Can they tell what stage its at (Lancet research information refers to stage 3 and 4 patients surviving less than 2 years)?  Is it likely to spread to other parts of my body?  How come I’m still coughing up blood (which implies something going on inside the lungs) when the cancer cells are on the pleural lining of the lung?  I’m sure I’ll have thought of more questions by 22nd December and I just hope I’ll get some answers.

Sunday, December 12, 2010

Nice things

Karen is living with me, and she and Peter are providing fantastic support and we are concentrating on doing nice things together whenever possible. The news has been devastating for all of us and I’m concerned about how they are coping.  I’ve now come to terms with it myself, and, with the help of painkillers, am planning to do as much as possible over the next few months, but of I’ve resigned from almost everything I’ve been involved with (apart from the Friends of Ghyll Head EC and the Labour Party - although will be playing a much reduced role).

The house is full of flowers sent by well-wishers.  Karen and I have had to buy more vases and have run out of places to put them.

For those who have only just heard the news, the posts below are in reverse chronological order, starting with the background that the doctors think is relevant, working up to the most recent news. Otherwise, the latest news starts above here.

Cancer diagnosis & pain medication

The news from Dr B was not good.  The lung cancer I have is not curable or operable (since it is diffuse rather than a tumour) or treatable with tablets or radiotherapy, but chemotherapy should slow down the progression.  The average life expectancy (which I dragged out of the consultant) is 10 months although he expected that I would have longer - in view of my general good health etc. He recommended an operation to 'glue' together the two layers of the pleural membrane (pleurodesis) so that more fluid wouldn’t build up, since this is the cause of most of the pain and the breathlessness I've experienced over the last 3 months’ followed by 4 - 6 courses of chemotherapy at Christie's . 
                            
On Monday 6th December I saw the surgeon (Mr O) who will be doing the operation – keyhole surgery under general anaesthetic at MRI – on Tuesday 14th December.   

Only just begun to understand about the pain killers (although I'd still like to know what it is exactly that causes the pain).  I'd been taking Co-codomol 8/500 and the prescription stated to take 2 every 4 - 5 hours as required, but no more than 8 in 24 hours (ie every 6 hours).  I needed to take them every 4 hours to kill the pain, which meant 12 in 24 hours, but then the GP explained that the 8/500 meant 8 grams of codeine and 500 of paracetamol, and its the paracetamol dose that mustn't be exceeded.  So I've now got increased codeine ones (30/500) which do last for 6 hours.  If I'd had this explained at the start I'd have been saved unecessary pain.  The downside of increased codeine though is constipation (you really didn't want to know that did you?) and so its back to the movicol.

Co-codomol is supposed to be addictive, but not for me.  I'm so not addicted that I even sometimes forget to take them - until the pain reminds me. I also seem to be immune to morphine (at least in the low doses I had in hospital).  Not only did I not experience the euphoric high that others describe, but it didn't seem to have much effect on the pain either.  What a strange physiology I have.

Fluid on the lungs

In mid-September, around 2 weeks after the bronchoscopy (which had shown nothing other than fibroids in my lungs) I started to experience chest pains and breathing difficulties.   Assuming (incorrectly) that this was something to do with the sclerosis, I tried (unsuccessfully to get an earlier appointment with Dr G.  After a few more weeks of increasing pain (controlled somewhat by Paracetamol and Ibuprofen) and breathlessness I went to the GP again who diagnosed a chest infection, put me on a course of antibiotics (and wrote to Dr G asking for an earlier appointment).  The antibiotics had no impact on the symptoms and so I was given a stronger brand.  This also had no impact and I was finding it more and more difficult to breathe so went back to the GP who sent me for another X-ray.

The radiologist told me immediately that there was fluid on my lungs and that the X-ray would be sent on to Dr W who would call me in, but that if my breathlessness got worse I should check into Casualty.  This made me realise that it was serious and so I immediately fixed an appointment with Dr W (rather than wait for MRI’s internal information dissemination process).  I phoned the GP to update him and he suggested taking an overnight bag with me for the appointment in case they could admit me that day.  The appointment was for 7 days after the X-ray and by this time I could only sleep propped upright with cushions and was finding breathing really difficult.   

I was admitted to MRI that day (10th November) and the following day had a ‘drain’ tube fitted.  Over the next few days 2.2 litres of fluid was drained from my left pleural cavity (no wonder I couldn’t breathe) and I had another CT scan.  As there are lots of causes for ‘pleural effusion’ tests had to be done to see where it was coming from.

Towards the end of my 9 day stay in MRI, Dr W told me they had found cancer cells in the fluid, but at that stage they thought it was treatable (possibly even with tablets) and needed to do further tests.  He said it wasn’t a tumour but was diffuse nodules on the pleural membrane called ‘non small cell adenocarcinoma’.  I was discharged from MRI on Friday 19th November and an appointment was made with an Oncologist (Dr B) for Friday 3rd December.  2 weeks to wait for further information.  

Coughing up blood

In July 2010, I noticed traces of blood in the sputum I coughed up.  I know that checking ones sputum is a disgusting thing to do, but a yellowish colour indicates a chest infection and the need for antibiotics, so it had become a routine thing for me to check it from time to time.  Initially I ignored the blood as it was brownish and only occasional.  Then one day there was a bright red blob of blood and so I immediately trotted off to the GP who sent me for an X-ray.  This showed nothing, but the GP referred me to a lung consultant at MRI. 

The consultant’s registrar went through my whole medical history (including the Reynaud’s disease and acid reflux which didn’t initially seem relevant), gave me a thorough examination and ordered blood tests, lung function tests and a CT scan.  When I saw the lung consultant (Dr W) on 25th August after all these tests, he said there was no sign of cancer and they couldn’t find the cause of the coughing blood, but had found scarring in my lungs and that I had something called ‘systemic sclerosis’ (hardening of the connective tissues).  I was apparently at the mild end of the spectrum (which at the other extreme is life-threatening).  This syndrome linked the Reynaud’s, the acid reflux, scarring in lungs and also the ‘shrinking mouth’ phenomenon (I had commented jokingly to friends that my lips were disappearing but assumed it was a feature of the ageing process).  He wanted to do further tests for the blood in the sputum – including a bronchoscopy and referred me to a Rheumatology consultant (Dr G) for the sclerosis (but earliest appointment available was mid-November). 

Of course I was straight on to Google to find out more about this systemic sclerosis and found that aching joints and fatigue were features (again things I had experienced but put down to ageing).

Stopped smoking 32 years ago

I was a smoker.  I started at the age of 16 when it was considered to be a cool and sophisticated thing to do.  I didn’t smoke many in a day and then stopped at the age of 20 during my first pregnancy (because smoking made me feel sick) and period of breastfeeding.  I know that I didn’t smoke during my second pregnancy either (20 months later) and period of breastfeeding, but I can’t remember whether I smoked between the two.  However, I did smoke from then on quite heavily – around 20 a day for 12 years, including a short period when I worked as a driving instructor and smoked around 40 a day (you can imagine why!).  After several unsuccessful attempts to stop, I finally managed it (with only chewing gum to help) in 1978 at the age of 35 (32 years ago).  However, as was recently pointed out to me by a friend, I spent a good deal of time over many years in the proverbial, political ‘smoke-filled’ rooms.

The second relevant medical fact seems to be the persistent cough that I’ve had for a number of years.  It used to be so bad at times (particularly at night) that my ribs would really ache.  The GP was not able to suggest anything other than prescribing a simple linctus which didn’t help much.  After trawling through the internet I found that dairy products were thought to increase the body’s production of mucous and so I cut out all dairy products and changed to soya milk.  This did significantly reduce the coughing.

Thirdly, I’ve been prone to chest infections – 2 or 3 a year for the last 3 years, culminating in pneumonia last winter.

Apart from all the above, I’ve always considered myself to be in general good health – fit, active and strong, with lots of energy.

My reason for starting this blog is two-fold. Firstly, it would be helpful for me if family and friends could have access to the latest news without me having to update people at the start of every conversation. We could then talk about more interesting things than what’s happening to my body. Secondly, I’ve been concerned about the lack of helpful, relevant information about what I can expect to happen (that is, practical, statistical information as opposed to the emotional experiential information from other patients) and feel sure that this kind of information should be compiled both for others in this situation and for medical researchers.